what do you need in life to survive

Life Functions

All life forms require certain cadre elements likewise as physical and chemical factors from the ecosystem
for biochemical functioning.

Learning Objectives

Categorize living organisms and non-living things

Key Takeaways

Key Points

• Living organisms are systems made from cells and are capable of life functions such every bit reproduction, metabolism, response to stimuli, and homeostasis.
• Nonliving things are either living things that have died or inanimate objects that were never alive.
• The nonliving (abiotic) components of an ecosystem include energy, oxygen, water, nutrients, and temperature.
• Living organisms have ranges of ecosystem conditions where they can perform all physiological functions of life. Organisms cannot perform these functions also or at all outside of these conditions, merely some organisms have developed means to adapt to environmental changes. Migration and hibernation are ii examples of these adaptations.
• Organisms chosen extremophiles can assume forms enabling them to withstand freezing, aridity, starvation, high levels of radiation, and other physical or chemical challenges. Extremophiles tin survive exposure to such conditions for weeks, months, years, or even centuries.
• All life forms require certain core chemical elements for biochemical structure and office. These include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—the elemental macronutrients for all organisms—often represented by the acronym CHNOPS.

Key Terms

• extremophile: A microorganism that can survive in extreme environmental conditions.
• organism: A face-to-face living system that can metabolize, grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and arrange to its environment.
• life: A status given to whatever entity with the backdrop of reproduction and metabolism, including
  animals, plants, fungi, leaner, and archaea (single-celled microorganisms).

Living Organisms

An organism is a living system capable of growth, reproduction,metabolism, response to stimuli, adaptation and homeostasis.
Cells are the basic unit of measurement of life that can be found in every living organism. Organisms can be unicellular or multicellular and include plants, animals, bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Multicellular organisms are typically made up of organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells. More than complex organisms are capable of communication.

The earth is fabricated up of both living (biotic) and nonliving things. Nonliving things are living things that take died or inanimate (abiotic) objects that were never live to begin with. Living and nonliving things tin be distinguished past function. Nonliving things are not capable of growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, accommodation, or homeostasis.

It is unknown whether viruses are actually alive. They are capable of reproduction (within a host) and adaptation, but they are not capable of homeostasis or metabolic functions. Because viruses exhibit some simply not all characteristics of organisms, they cannot be fully considered living things.

Ecosystems Are Important for Life

The abiotic components of an ecosystem are the physical and chemical factors necessary for life—energy (sunlight or chemical free energy), water, temperature, oxygen, and nutrients. In nigh ecosystems, the ecology conditions vary throughout the day or over the course of seasons. Organisms who live in an ecosystem must be able to survive its range of weather condition, chosen the "range of tolerance." Outside the range of tolerance are the "zones of physiological stress," where survival and reproduction are possible but non optimal. Across these zones are the "zones of intolerance," where life for that organism is incommunicable. Many organisms can arrange to intolerance in their environs through seasonal migration, hibernation, or other adaptations.

Many microorganisms have evolved adaptations that let them to survive in zones that are intolerant for most other organisms, such as extreme estrus or cold, dehydration, starvation, or high levels of radiations. These microorganisms are called extremophiles, and they thrive exterior the ranges where life is commonly found. They excel at exploiting uncontested sources of free energy. While all organisms are composed of nearly identical types of molecules, evolution has enabled extremophile microbes to cope with this wide range of physical and chemical conditions.

Rainforest Trees: Plant growth in the Hoh Rainforest

Chemic Requirements for Life

All life forms crave certain core chemical elements for biochemical functioning. These include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—the elemental macronutrients for all organisms. Together these make upward carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, the iv categories of molecules that brand up the structure and function of organic life. The most widespread and important of these elements is carbon, which holds molecules together through multiple, stable covalent bonds. Organic molecules generally incorporate carbon, and inorganic molecules generally do not contain carbon (with the key exception of carbon dioxide). Organic molecules and their properties course the basic structure of cells and allow physiological processes to occur.

Survival Needs

To sustain human life, certain physiological needs include air, water, food, shelter, sanitation, impact, sleep and personal space.

Learning Objectives

Identify the viii minimal physiological requirements for survival

Primal Takeaways

Key Points

• While the development of tools, plumbing systems and nutrient preservation have enabled modern man to live life with many creature comforts, the truth remains that the requirements for homo survival are quite basic.
• Physiological needs include air, water, nutrient, shelter, sanitation, touch, slumber, and personal space.
• As humans have evolved to interact in community settings, both hunting and gathering in groups, touch—as in a caring caress—is oftentimes considered a basic human survival demand. In fact, empirical bear witness has shown touch to exist essential to the early growth and development of healthy humans.

Central Terms

• survival: The fact or human action of surviving; continued being or life.

From the times of our first primate ancestors, innovation has progressed at a rapid prune. While the development of tools, plumbing systems and food preservation have enabled modern man to alive life with many creature comforts, the truth remains that the requirements for human survival are quite basic. There are 8 minimal physiological requirements for survival. These are: air, water, food, shelter, sanitation, slumber, space, and affect.

Survival Needs

1. Air: Consisting of oxygen within a particular range of pressure, concentration, and purity is vital to survival.
2. Water: Admission to a safety, clean and adequate water supply is necessary for homo survival.
3. Food: Our food must be adequate in calorie and nutritional standards in order to sustain life.
4. Shelter: Since exposure to cold and heat can pb to hypothermia or hyperthermia, shelter which offers protection from extremes of heat, common cold, intense sun, and prolonged atmospheric precipitation is a human survival need.
5. Sanitation: Proper ways for the removal of human waste helps protect from deadly toxins and pathogens and is critical in promoting human survival.
6. Sleep: Vii to eight hours of uninterrupted sleep each night is optimal for human survival.
7. Infinite: As humans, we crave personal space. In addition to the requirement for shelter, or suitable indoor living space, humans demand outdoor infinite, to avoid overcrowding and chaos.
8. Bear on: As humans have evolved to collaborate in community settings, both hunting and gathering in groups, bear on—as in a cuddle—is oft considered a bones man survival need. In fact, empirical prove has shown that bear on is essential for the early on growth and evolution of healthy humans.

A Kid Sleeping: Adequate sleep is necessary to sustain life.

Levels of Organization

Living organisms are made up of four levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Learning Objectives

Order the levels of organization for living organisms

Central Takeaways

Key Points

• Cells are the most basic unit of life at the smallest level of arrangement.
• Cells can be prokaryotic (without nucleus) or eukaroyotic (with nucleus).
• The four categories of tissues are connective, muscles, epithelial, and nervous tissues.
• Organs are made of dissimilar types of tissues and perform complex functions. They can exist hollow or solid.
• Organ systems are groups of organs that perform similar functions or perform functions together.
• Many physiological functions are carried out by multiple organ systems working in tandem.

Key Terms

• prison cell: The smallest unit of measurement of life capable of independent reproduction. Generally contains nucleic acrid, cytoplasm, a prison cell membrane, and many other proteins and structures.
• organ: A construction made of different tissues that work together to perform physiological functions.
• organ system: A group of organs and tissues that piece of work together to perform specific functions.
• Tissues: A grouping of like cells with the same origin that piece of work together to perform the same office.

Examples

Using the circulatory system equally an example, a prison cell in this system is a red blood prison cell, the eye'due south cardiac musculus is a tissue, an organ is the heart itself, and the organ system is the circulatory organisation.

An organism is made upwards of iv levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. These levels reduce complex anatomical structures into groups; this organization makes the components easier to understand.

Level 1: Cells

The first and most bones level of organization is the cellular level. A cell is the basic unit of measurement of life and the smallest unit capable of reproduction. While cells vary greatly in their structure and function based on the type of organism, all cells have a few things in mutual. Cells are fabricated upward of organic molecules, incorporate nucleic acids (such as Dna and RNA), are filled with fluid chosen cytoplasm, and have a membrane fabricated out of lipids. Cells besides contain many structures within the cytoplasm called organelles, which perform diverse cellular functions.

Cells may be prokaryotic (without a nucleus) in bacteria and archaea (single-celled organisms), or eukaryotic (with nucleus-enclosing Deoxyribonucleic acid) in plants, animals, protists, and fungi. In humans, most cells combine to form tissues, merely some cells are establish independent of solid tissues and accept their ain functions. A red blood jail cell found circulating in the bloodstream carrying oxygen throughout the human body is an example of an independent cell.

Level ii: Tissues

Tissues are a group of similar cells of the aforementioned origin that carry out a specific function together. Humans have four dissimilar types of basic tissues. Connective tissues such as bone tissue are made up of fibrous cells and requite shape and construction to organs. Musculus tissue is made upward of cells that can contract together and allow animals to move. Epithelial tissues brand up the outer layers of organs, such as the pare or the outer layer of the stomach. Nervous tissue is made of specialized cells that transmit information through electrochemical impulses, such every bit the tissue of fretfulness, the spinal cord, and the encephalon.

Level 3: Organs

An organ is a structure fabricated up of different tissues that perform specific actual functions. Most organs contain tissues such every bit parenchyma (used to perform the organ functions),  stroma (connective tissue specific to organs) and epithelial. Organs may be solid or hollow, and vary considerably in size and complexity. The heart, lungs, and brain are all examples of organs.

Level iv: Organ Systems

An organ system is a collection of organs that that work together to perform a like function. There are 11 dissimilar organ systems in the man body, each with its ain specific functions. One example is digestive system, which is made upwardly of many organs that work together to digest and blot nutrients from nutrient. While most organ systems control a few specific physiological processes, some processes are more complex and require multiple organ systems to work together. For instance, claret pressure level is controlled past a combination of the renal organization (kidneys), the circulatory organization, and the nervous organisation.

Levels of Organization in Animals: An organism contains organ systems made up of organs that consist of tissues, which are in turn fabricated up of cells.

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/life/

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